As we all get older, we tend to get some aches and pains. Getting off the floor may not be as easy as it once was, or walking up those stairs may take a little longer than it used to.
Often, it is due to arthritis that develops in our joints with age. Pets can have some of the same issues, and just like for us, it can be painful for them. The good news is that there are things that we can do to help!
What is arthritis?
arthritis in pets and people
Arthritis, also called osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, causes progressive changes in the joints over time. As cartilage wears down and joints become less healthy, movement can become painful, and stiffness can develop.
There are two common forms of arthritis.
- Primary arthritis develops gradually with the age-related wear and tear on your pet’s joints from use and activity.
- Secondary arthritis stems from trauma or injury. A dog that tore its ACL will likely develop arthritis because of damage to the cartilage in the knee.
Arthritis is a condition that can affect multiple different species of animals (dogs, cats, and many exotic animals, too!). Some published studies say that as many as 80% of dogs over 8 years old have some level of osteoarthritis. Young pets are not exempt from arthritis. Some studies show that 20% of dogs over one year old may already have arthritic changes. And we can’t forget our cat friends, with one study showing 90% of cats over 12 years old having signs of arthritis!
Why do pets get arthritis?
Some of the factors that contribute to the risk of developing arthritis include:
- Genetic predisposition: For example, if the mom dog had hip dysplasia, the puppy will genetically be more likely to have this condition.
- Body conditioning/weight: Heavier pets have more stress and strain placed on their bones and joints.
- Previous orthopedic injuries or surgeries: Injuries and orthopedic surgeries can change the normal movement of your pet and cause increased strain on other joints. This abnormal wear and tear can increase arthritic changes.
How will I know if my pet has arthritis?
The hard part about arthritis is that it doesn’t look the same in every pet. While some symptoms are obvious, other signs might be mistaken for “old age.”
Some signs that your pet may have arthritis include:
- Difficulty jumping up onto the couch or into the car
- Falling behind on walks
- Difficulty getting up from sitting or lying down
- Limping or lameness
- Not playing with toys that they used to love
- Increased irritability with other animals in the home
- Hunching
- Hesitating to go up or down stairs (or going sideways rather than straight up and down)
- Swollen joints
- Decreased activity/more lying down
Cats may be even more understated. A cat who no longer jumps onto a favorite windowsill or grooms less than usual may be showing signs of joint pain.
Sometimes what looks like “just slowing down” may actually be discomfort worth addressing.
I see some of these symptoms in my pet…now what?
If you are concerned that your pet may be showing signs of arthritis, schedule a veterinary exam. While the signs noted above can all be seen in joint disease, they may also indicate other health issues. Your vet will want to do an examination and check the affected joint(s).
The doctor may recommend X-rays to rule out other issues, such as bony cancers or hairline fractures, and to examine the extent of the arthritic changes. Early recognition can make a meaningful difference because the sooner we identify arthritis, the sooner we can help manage it.
Are there treatment options?
While arthritis cannot be reversed, there are many ways to manage it and help pets remain comfortable. In many cases, treatment works best when we combine several approaches.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Carrying extra weight can strain your pet’s joints. Working to reduce your pet’s weight can help reduce stress on painful joints. Even small changes in body condition can make a big difference.
- Adapt your environment: Small changes like adding a rug to a tile floor can help your pet avoid slipping or get up easier. Try adding steps by the bed so your pet doesn’t have to jump. Perhaps a thicker pet bed could provide more cushion for your pet’s sore joints. All of these adjustments can make a huge difference for pets with arthritis and joint disease.
- Ask about joint supplements: Joint supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin, along with other cartilage and joint protectants, can help to protect aging joints. They can also slow the progression of excessive wear that can increase arthritic damage. Please keep in mind that supplements are not regulated the same way medications are, and they are not all created equally. Ask your vet for the best recommended options to help.
- Consider pain medications: Pain medications such as anti-inflammatories can help to reduce pain and inflammation in the joints, leading to a more comfortable pet. Don’t use any medications without first consulting your vet, as many human anti-inflammatory medications are dangerous for your pet.
- Investigate holistic treatment options: These include things such as VSMT (veterinary spinal manipulation therapy – the animal version of chiropractic medicine), acupuncture, therapy laser, massage, and physical therapy (such as underwater treadmills). These treatments can all help reduce pain and discomfort caused by arthritis, relieve muscle tension, and more.
- Discuss other medication options: Medications such as injectable Librela for dogs and Solensia for cats are classified as monoclonal antibodies that bind to and help to block pain signals caused by osteoarthritis.
\\ Remember that not all pets will be candidates for all treatment options. It is important to follow your vet’s guidance. **
If you think your pet may be showing signs of arthritis, talk with your veterinary team. We would much rather help address discomfort early than have a pet struggle in silence.
Growing older is natural. Staying comfortable through those years is something worth protecting. And that is something we care deeply about!
